If you're saying that moles/m^3 of CO2 might be constant while pmm of CO2 is increasing, that implies that atmospheric pressure at sea level is dropping. And it isn't.
You cannot put air at 2 km and then at 20 km high! Of course the second layer will just flow down until it's supported by the first layer, which is in turn supported by the ground. So your question doesn't really make physical sense.
Also, who says the pressure isn't dropping? Can that even be measured to detect such a small difference?
And the volume and/or temperature of the troposphere could change instead.
Finally, what about water vapor compensating?