[loup-vaillant]

That is often not possible.

Could we, for instance, collect enough data on typing discipline to end the static/dynamic typing once and for all? Enough data to overcome the priors of both static typing and dynamic typing proponents?

We could, but that would require pretty big sample sizes. Like 10,000 developers of various competence, working on 1,000 projects of various domains and difficulties for various amounts of time (from a few days to at least a few months). Who is ever going to fund that?

Until we get such a miracle controlled study, our respective priors will still matter.