[AstralStorm]

The only other solution is exhaustive property testing. And even that is not workable when concurrency is in play.

[dllthomas]

Good luck exhaustively testing something with a cryptographic key as input. Non-exhaustive property testing is also pretty cool, though.

[grogers]

There do exist frameworks that allow exhaustive testing of concurrent code. They never really became mainstream though.

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/chess-a...

http://www.1024cores.net/home/relacy-race-detector