[dleslie]

I was curious so I dug; I am not an expert at all and make no claim to that.

AFAICT, in the USA, single Fathers occur at a much lower rate than single mothers, are more likely to be cohabitating with a partner, and tend to have a higher level of education and a larger income[0].

I don't think you could fairly compare the efficacy of single mothers and fathers against each other. There's not enough single fathers, and their socio-economic positioning tends to be more advantageous.

It would be curious to see if elevating the socio-economic opportunities of single mothers would reduce the likelihood of criminal behaviour in their children.

0: https://ifstudies.org/blog/five-facts-about-todays-single-fa...