[newaccoutnas]

There's some astrophotography that fills in bands of the wavelength we can't see with colours to give us the perception of being able to see gas clouds etc. I'm not sure if this is done here but it's probably worth mentioning that not all space images you see are realistic in terms of human visible wavelengths.

[sandworm101]

Then we should also mention that human color vision changes depending on light levels, with us being more sensitive to some colors than others. So when you over-expose an image you aren't just making it brighter but changing the ratios of perceived colors. (A big deal for eye witness reports of crime at night.) At very low levels our vision becomes essentially black and white.