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Anything that happens after the end of an individual’s reproductive years (perhaps also the period of raising the offsprings) stops exerting any evolutionary pressure. The fact that you have a “defect” at old age no longer blocks you from transmitting it so it can propagate through generations without evolution selecting against it. Random mutations “fixing” the gene can occur but still have to compete with the overwhelming number of non mutated “defective” genes.

[7j]

> Anything that happens after the end of an individual’s reproductive years (perhaps also the period of raising the offsprings) stops exerting any evolutionary pressure.

This is definitely wrong. Individuals (e.g. grandparents or just random society members) can influence survival rates of other society members.

Some species(e.g. ants) even have sterile members that definitely exert evolutionary pressure.

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I think you didn't take enough time to understand my point before being so "definitive".

Sterile ants do not exert evolutionary pressure unless they would attack weak queens before they are ready to reproduce. Evolutionary pressure (by scientific definition) is caused by things that reduce reproductive success in individuals or parts of population. Like a mutation that reduces fertility. Having the old individuals around might help relieve some of the pressure by infinitesimal amounts (helping raise offsprings) but that's about it. They cannot influence the outcome of a "defective" gene so they do not really drive evolution in any meaningful way.

Take this example. A genetic disorder that causes blindness soon after birth basically eliminates the individual from the population and the genetic defect along with it. Thus evolutionary pressure (genetic defect before the reproductive age) achieves the selection.

A genetic disorder that causes blindness at old age, any time after the next generation was raised, might also eliminate the individual but this doesn't matter as much. The gene already got passed along to the next generation(s). As long as it manifests only after reproduction then it does not reduce reproductive success, so exerts no pressure.

Or perhaps you want to take something like male impotence as an example. If humans were expected to bear offspring only in our 70s I'm certain Viagra wouldn't be a thing. Only the males that are still able to perform at that age pass along their genes, to the point where the males that can't are the exception.

I hope you can appreciate the difference in magnitude (many orders) between directly applying evolutionary pressure by removing the individual from the gene pool before the gene can be transmitted, and indirect evolutionary pressure via reduced support in society (which could conceivably affect reproductive success). For one, it stands to reason that solitary species or ones that do not form real societies would be completely unaffected by this indirect evolutionary pressure.