[kerbalspacepro]

You either have to build more efficient buildings or retrofit existing buildings. Most home/office energy expenditure is on heating/cooling/fridging/hot showers. Only 10% is based on lighting [1].

The best way to tackle cooling/heating is by improving insulation, but unfortunately, there is little ability/reason to. Those that would get the most utility out of it are poor and therefore cannot afford it. Those who can afford it are rich, and therefore don't care about a few dollars lost to heating/cooling the outside air. Even if the rich do care, it often isn't worth the emotional/mental hassle of having massive construction done to your abode.

[1]https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/

[youngtaff]

Depends where you are… in the UK domestic electricity consumption fell by 2.4% between 2016 and 2017 due to increased efficiency lighting / appliance efficiency [1]

There was a noticeable decrease in our personal electricity consumption when we switched to LED bulbs (our heating and hot water are gas)

[1] https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/...

[toomuchtodo]

Consider switching your heating and hot water to heat pumps.