[aarch64]

One of these "apposite observations" is in the section on pipes (p. 199 of link).

The authors use this convoluted bash script to show that pipes are best suited for simple hacks and might fail mysteriously under certain circumstances:

  egrep '^To:|^Cc:' /var/spool/mail/$USER | \
  cut -c5- | \
  awk '{ for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) print $i }' | \
  sed 's/,//g' | grep -v $USER | sort | uniq

Although this is hard to read, it can be simplified from 7 commands to 5:

  awk '/^To:|^Cc:/ { for (i = 2; i <= NF; i++) print $i }' /var/mail/$USER | \
  sed 's/,//g' | grep -v [e-mail] | sort | uniq

By folding the egrep pattern matching into awk as it is supposed to be used and starting from the second field instead of removing the first four characters with cut, this script is both easier to read and fewer lines long.

By inverse grepping for [e-mail], there will not be mysterious behavior if $USER is in another person's email address.