[iainmerrick]

If your transitions don’t fit neatly into a hierarchy, you don’t have to use one -- just have a single complex state machine as per the author’s first example.

But I’d propose that a good UI will usually split easily into a hierarchy. I don’t have proof of this, but I’ve worked with both buggy code and confusing UIs caused by multiple inconsistent ways of making essentially the same transition (e.g. in Jira, cards present a slightly different set of controls depending whether you open the URL directly or click on them on a board, and that drives me up the wall). Hierarchical state charts rings true to me as a good approach to fixing this.