[kbutler]

Rent-seeking has a specific meaning, and that's not it. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rentseeking.asp

Capital gains represent increase in wealth in the economy, whether taxed preferentially or not.

The example remains the same even with 0 capital gains: After 40 years, at 0 gain, I've saved 20 times my annual income to support my family through retirement. Joe has saved 0.

How much of of my wealth do I need to give him?

Equal opportunity + freedom of choice = unequal outcomes