The tutorial simply says to pick the one that's "more correct". There's nothing that indicates consistency should be valued more highly than ethics -- or any other possible ordering of design priorities.
I have been a designer for 10+ years, when you ask me “which is more correct” I’d always go for the option where skip is also a blue button.
Good design is not just consistent patterns, but also clear communications. This is the design equivalent of fraudulent small print in a contract. This is saying to the user: you have two options, but one is rather silly, don’t go for it.
In that regard: weighting and sorting options by how often they are used is good design (because it reduces the communicative friction in everyday life).
Making the (from a privacy standpoint) better option seem like no real alternative option is increasing the friction for some and manipulating others into not choosing at all. Like a car that warns you about steering right while it praises you for steering left, although both should be equal options.
Yes. Again all true. But as a product designer your job is usually to make the product in the most cost efficient way for the company, not the user. So implementing design in a way that is also part of the product strategy is good design!
The same way IKEA stores are designed to keep you furthest away from the exits. Designing that in a good way is much harder than simply designing a system where the user has to make educated guesses.