@nradov - i'd love to understand your point more, but all you've shown is that there is some funding gap for residency programs. Funding gaps exist for unprofitable things where you dont get back immediate money for each dollar you put in. There is a funding gap for the arts, for urban preservation, etc.
Medical resident positions are wildly profitable entities, so "funding gap" sounds like a boogieman excuse.
Medical resident positions are so wildly profitable, that if any medical board was willing to train residents/fellows, i'm certain I can get VC/PE/HF funding to fund those spots and no one would have to worry about funding gaps. Who wouldn't want to fund a position that produces 10x revenues?!
I'd be willing to bet that for many residencies (cosmetic derm, spinal surgery, ortho, radioiology) residents would be willing to work for absolutely free given the massive windfall they expect in 5yrs time.
"Medicare funding gaps" are boogieman excuses provided by the AMA and medical specialty boards to not train doctors, especially specialists and sub-specialists and create artificial scarcity and increase their own wages.
Medical boards don't train residents at all. And board certification isn't even required to practice medicine; it's entirely optional. You're complaining about the wrong problem.
Residents are trained in teaching hospitals, most of which are non-profit. So VC/PE/HF funding isn't applicable. The federal government provides the majority of funding for residency slots and there is a hard cap.
Teaching hospitals certainly could fund more resident slots themselves but they generally choose to spend their money on other priorities like new MRI machines or free care for indigent patients or shiny new buildings named for major donors. Hospital budgeting decisions are made by business executives and BoD members just like any enterprise; they aren't controlled by the AMA or medical boards.
Training residents isn't as profitable as you think; there are huge overhead expenses for supervision, insurance, equipment, and support staff. But if you don't believe me then feel free to get VC funding, found a new for-profit teaching hospital, obtain AGCME accreditation, and hire a thousand residents. I expect you'll find the economics don't work but maybe you'll disrupt the industry and make a fortune?