I share your aspirations, but considering the scholasticism of academic research, you require formal accreditation to proceed with titular decorations. I don’t see why you could not personally research a topic before submitting a dissertation to a university you hopefully have access to. I don’t know any other way to achieve the rank.
Yes you can. By studying and learning about something which no one else has done before. I remember a professor of zoology, who was expert on catching lemmings by jumping head first from some 5 meters away. They were truly amazing jumps. This technique allowed studying various rats without harming them. Especially in winter. He had very little formal education.