[weberc2]

> You can define a recursive type by quoting the nested reference.

No, that’s not sufficient, or at least it wasn’t. The problem wasn’t symbol resolution, but Mypy actually gave you a recursion error. At one time they were intending to fix it by implementing protocols which hadn’t landed last I checked.

> You can create stubs. Some are in typeshed.

You can, but not for magical libraries like SQLAlchemy.

> Python has always been slow to add new syntax. I think that's a good thing overall.

Probably, but it’s hindering their typing story. Typescript solves the problem by building a syntax that compiled to JS, but Python has some syntax support but lots of things are shoehorned in.