[stickfigure]

> This isn't at all true.

Well I guess we'll just have to disagree there. I spend a lot of time writing code in all of these languages. By the time you've bulletproofed your dynamic code, you've got more code than if you'd just declared a simple static Java type.

I can define this...

    @Data
    public class Thing {
        final String text;
        final Instant when;
    }

    @Path("/thing")
    public class ThingResource {
        @POST
        public void doSomething(final Thing thing) {
            // ...blah
        }
    }

...and stop worrying in my implementation about what was actually passed in, or how a JSON string date got turned into a real date representation. This is mostly-vanilla Java.

Sure you can, with enough extra code and clever libraries, hack together a crude typing system into dynamic languages to automate much of the conversion. At the end of the day you're still declaring types, and it doesn't end up being as elegant as having the type system built into the language.

[joshuamorton]

> This is vanilla Java.

No, its Java EE, which like I said, has an entire library devoted to safe marshalling[1]. Marshmallow does the same thing for you in python. Java EE including a marshalling library has nothing to do with static typing.

This is python + flask + marshmallow (2 very common web libraries)+ a 2 line helper function:

    @dataclass
    class Thing():
        text: str
        when: datetime.datetime

    @app.route('/thing', methods=['POST'])
    def handle():
        thing = unmarshall(Thing, request.form)
        # blah

Or, like I said, use protos, where this would be something like

    from thingproto import Thing, ThingService, ThingResponse

    class ThingServiceHandler(ThingService):
        def HandleThing(request: Thing, response: ThingResponse):
            # blah

and everything is validated.

[1]: https://dennis-xlc.gitbooks.io/restful-java-with-jax-rs-2-0-...

[stickfigure]

I'm not quite sure what you're getting at with the "No, it's Java EE" comment. JAX-RS is a Java standard, with several implementations, and you don't need a "Java EE Server" or anything magical like that to use it. And that link to the Custom Marshalling section of the JAX-RS docs is a little weird; my example doesn't require monkeying with low-level stuff like that and most users don't.

Dragging protobufs into this is weird too; you've ignored the IDL and build infrastructure required to set that up, and in any case that's specific to when you're working with protobuf APIs.

I'll go back to my earlier point, which I think you've illustrated fairly well, which is that well-written Java code tends to be more concise and less verbose than Python (and friends). Our two examples are nearly identical in terms of meaningful lines of code, but in the Python example you have to ask for marshaling.

I'll also point out that flask (which I use myself for python webapps) handlers are forced to interact with flask-specific objects and therefore are obnoxious to test; the JAX-RS example is pure program logic and can be tested as vanilla Java code. This is one of the big advantages of moving marshaling "out" of your program code.

[joshuamorton]

>I'll go back to my earlier point, which I think you've illustrated fairly well, which is that well-written Java code tends to be more concise and less verbose than Python (and friends). Our two examples are nearly identical in terms of meaningful lines of code, but in the Python example you have to ask for marshaling.

That's only an API wart. It'd be possible to elide that pretty easily if someone wanted to write a library to do that.

I could write a library function or flask extension or whatnot that resulted in

    @app.myroute('thing', method=['POST')
    def handle(thing: Thing):
        # work with thing

and the unmarshalling is handled by the decorator and type annotation. Your prime example of java being less verbose is a wash. They're at best equally verbose, and you picked something that java has libraries specifically catered toward.

>I'll also point out that flask (which I use myself for python webapps) handlers are forced to interact with flask-specific objects and therefore are obnoxious to test

Huh? Here's an example of a test from the flask docs[0] that makes a request and checks the result.

    def test_empty_db(client):
        rv = client.get('/')
        assert b'No entries here so far' in rv.data

Its a simple example, but having written tests for flask myself

1. There should be minimal logic in the handler. You should defer most logic to a library function, you can also not use the decorator form and instead declare `app.route('/path')(function)` and just test function itself.

2. Even testing the handlers and doing end to end stuff with a running server isn't that hard. I'm not sure what you're experience was, but my guess is you weren't leveraging existing libraries.

>This is one of the big advantages of moving marshaling "out" of your program code.

Here's the implementation of that:

    def myroute(self, *args, **kwargs):
        def wrapper(f):
            @self.route(*args, **kwargs) 
            def new_route(*args):
                arg, schema  = f.__annotations__.items()
                parsed = schema.load(request.form)
                return f(arg=parsed)
            return new_route
         return wrapper

And now if you've tested that, you no longer need to worry about marshalling in your program code.

Flask however is relatively generic, it can handle things that your java examples can't, like an endpoint where you don't know the schema, which might happen if you're doing something like hosting a user-provided function or something of that nature (I implemented an AWS-lambda style thing in a hackathon with that). Something like

    @route('/user_endpoint')
    def handle():
        return convert_to_html_response(user_function(**request.form))

This was really easy to implement. I doubt it would have been as concise in Java (and note that you are leaving validation to the user here, so none needs to be done by you).

Flask lets you do that. If you want to restrict yourself to schematized requests, you have more information and can make more assumptions, but flask isn't a REST framework, its a generic web framework. If you want to restrict yourself to something with known schemas, you can do that pretty concisely[1], even when dealing with relatively complex marshalling (and you can do it outside of your logical code under test via decorators).

[0]: http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/1.0/testing/

[1]: https://flask-restful.readthedocs.io/en/0.3.6/fields.html

[stickfigure]

The Java equivalent of your example is probably:

    @POST
    public void doSomething(final Map<String, Object> thing) { ... }

So please stop trying to explain to me all the things that Java can't do concisely.

Also you kinda missed my point about unit tests. Your test requires specialized flask-oriented objects (client, rv). Tests of the Java doSomething() can be written entirely without knowledge of the container; doSomething() is pure program logic. And the methods support refactoring.

you picked something that java has libraries specifically catered toward

I picked a basic REST service. I'd call that a pretty common use case.

There should be minimal logic in the handler. You should defer most logic to a library function

Again illustrating my point that well-written Java is more concise. You don't need to do this! The Java "handlers" I've shown are pure logic. There is no point in wrapping it with another layer.

Sure, you probably could build a webapp framework that makes Python a lot more like Java. But so far nobody's done that. So Python programmers write wordy verbose flask apps with tons of validation and marshaling logic. It's tragic.

[joshuamorton]

> The Java equivalent of your example is probably

More verbose than the Python.

>Sure, you probably could build a webapp framework that makes Python a lot more like Java

Not could, did. Literally just did, in 10 lines of code. Or there's flask-rest, which I linked.

>Again illustrating my point that well-written Java is more concise. You don't need to do this! The Java "handlers" I've shown are pure logic.

And flask-rest does that! If you're writing a restful service the more concise, better specialized tooling is readily available.

Now write the unmarshalling code and tell me Java is still more concise.