[abacate]

I never understand this kind of reasoning. Sure, C++ has exceptions, but you are not forced to use them. Just because you go to a restaurant and they have dessert on the menu it doesn't mean you have an obligation to order it.

In fact, you can easily define a result type templated by your result/error code (similarly to Rust or OCaml/Base) and use it in your whole codebase.

I never use virtual or exceptions in my C++ code, for instance, and I rarely need anything fancy like smart pointers.

Maybe one could argue that the language is too complex and supports too different programming styles, but that doesn't justify when the programmer chooses the worst way to do it: that's on the programmer and not on the language.