[pjmlp]

Depends on the runtime.

You have the old JIT, replaced by RyuJIT on .NET 4.6 and .NET Core.

Then .NET Native, which does AOT compilation via the same backend as Visual C++.

Followed by Mono's JIT/AOT implementation.

Windows/Windows Phone 8.x used a Bartok derived compiler for the MDIL format.

Same applies to Java though, as the answer only goes through what Hotspot does, but there are many other JIT/AOT compilers for Java as well.