Every country does, it is just the case that in most of them you do not vote on the people who set curriculum standards directly. Who decided what would be in your history textbook and how it would be presented? I can promise you that some politician is at the top of that food chain. In some ways the UK is far worse because it is carefully hidden behind layers of ossified class hierarchy and centuries of a toxic mix of arrogance and prejudice.
This sounds very strange to me too, but I assume that in other countries history teachers also have to follow a curriculum given to them by some central authority, no?
This is very much a state-by-state issue. Of note, however, because Texas is so large and orders so many textbooks, and because publishers don't want to customize their titles for all 50 states, the Texas version winds up elsewhere. And in Texas, successful candidates for the state Board of Education are often right-wing ideologues.