[pash]

I was trying to avoid being too detailed, but the distinction is actually that linear types require function arguments to be used exactly once and affine types require that they be used at most once. So affine types allow constant functions, but linear types don’t. A good place to start for anyone interested in learning more is the Wikipedia article on substructural types [0].

And, yes, you’re right that these type systems effectively implement reference counting at the type level. In practice, linear and affine types are used alongside more general types to permit controlled copying and destruction, which tends to look like manual (but type-enforced) memory allocation and deallocation around the edges.

0. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substructural_type_system