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> As far as I could tell, the debugger trap was basically calling the debugger function if it detects a running debugger.

This is a fairly common trick, you just run the debugger method in a setTimeout loop since it's a no-op if the debugger isn't open. It's a common tactic used by quasi-illicit sport streaming websites that are usually filled with ads.

There's a button in Chrome Dev Tools to disable breaking on breakpoints that gets round this.