[Nekojoe]

This way of memorising things is called Chunking - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunking_%28psychology%29

Chess champions use this technique too. I remember seeing a TV documentary where they got a chess champion to look at a board layout for a few seconds and reproduce it in front of them. They could do this easily for a valid board layout. But when they got people with no knowledge of chess to design the board layout in an invalid manner the chess champion could not reconstruct the board as accurately or as quickly.

I guess a common programming equivalent would be a design pattern.