[gcbw2]

Think like that: there are two bright lights in front of you. There will always be a halo between those two bright lights.

Now, my hypothesis is that "between all two bright lights, there is third, dimmer one, hidding". And then i prove it by filtering X from the two bright light halo, and prove that Y is left proving that the third light is there.

Now, how can i be sure Y is really a third dimmer light? and not just noise on the function i used to try to clean up the halo of the two bright light?

[nfc]

You are right that this could be the case, and it's mentioned in at least one of the papers [1] where they say that a better understanding of the physical state of this gas is needed to estimate its contributions to the baryonic mass.

[1] https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.04555

Now we can get to discuss the third paper ;)