[nine_k]

> break up that monopoly

You can avoid creating it. Look at Switzerland. But stable, well-run confederations are rare.

The US, and many other federated states (like e.g. India) do alleviate some of the problems of centralization by allowing different places to be run partly by local rules, and it does make a difference.

I heard many for-profit corporations are run in a federated way, too, because a huge monolith is not very adaptable.