[oh_sigh]

Okay, so the end result is the same, in that some applicants have their outcomes flipped from accepted to rejected(or vice versa) due to no other factor than their race. That is what I meant when I said 'effectively' in my original comment.

[ironjunkie]

you are being downvoted even though you are saying it the way it is.

I always find it interesting to see how people that want to use affirmative actions are in denials on the actual mechanics that are used in order to make it work.