[lima]

> Do you have a client cert? I've never encountered any server that supports client certs in my entire 15-year career. Also, TLS is not a part of HTTP and HTTP only supported Basic Auth until fairly recently.

Client certificates are very common for API authentication (well-known examples: Kubernetes, Puppet, Saltstack, service meshes like Envoy and Consul...)

[wyuenho]

Surely all these APIs do not demand client certs right? In the case of Kubernetes, a typical server cert is self-signed, so half of TLS's security measures are defeated, to mitigate that you have to white-list clients by checking their certs, but surely this is more trouble than getting a real server cert and sending your credentials in HTTP?

[blattimwind]

Server and client certificates belong to unrelated certificate hierarchies. You can have your server cert signed by $whateverCA and still run your own mini-CA to issue client certs and validate client certs against.

TLS client certificates are strictly better than passwords because they don't provide an impersonator with a wildcard (and if you are running over the internet, especially with mobile devices, then you can get into that situation w/o being subject of a targeted attack). There are fairly few ways to achieve that other than client certs (SRP and SAE come to mind, both of which have virtually no deployment).

[wyuenho]

This makes a lot more sense than the answers below thank you.

[posixplz]

Mutual strict TLS is quite common in medium and high security environments.

[y4mi]

the master certificate is self signed yes.

this self signed certificate now has to sign the client certificate(s). Otherwise, the clients aren't allowed to address the master.

At least thats how i've come across it. Its actually pretty common in the infrastructure world. Your OPS team can probably tell you which services utilize it in your software stack, though you as a developer probably never had to worry about it.

Though a lot of services only use a singular client certificate across all nodes and just revoke the hole chain for rotations

[wyuenho]

Sounds like these OPS teams don't know what they are doing, but I'm not sure what you are saying is correct. Conceivably, in an ideal situation, the org has an internal intermediate CA created using a cert signed by a real root CA, and that intemediate CA's cert is in every client machine the org provisions to the employees, so the employees' machine can verify the server they are connecting to is authentic. For mutual authentication, the client certs lets the servers authenticate the other way around. Using a straight up self-signed server cert is a one way mechanism from server to client, it's easily spoofed, this makes no sense to me.

[y4mi]

its nonetheless the way its being done. a few examples:

* remote docker daemon execution

* setting up a kubernetes cluster with kubeadm and creating certificates for remote kubectl execution (this one might be related to the previous one. I'm not sure as i don't know anything about the kubernetes internals.)

* rabbitmq cluster iirc. At least thats how you're supposed to set it up with the sensu monitoring framework

* previously mentioned puppet does its as well, though the process is mostly invisible to the user

i'm not sure how its supposedly possible to spoof though?

the master needs to sign a certificate for clients. IF the master is compromised, everything is compromised. Thats true no matter which authorization protocol you're using

[wyuenho]

I don't know how in your experience how these orchestration servers are setup, but in my experience, these clusters are all on the Cloud, which means accessing them requires going out to the public internet. In the off chance someone is actively MITMing the client's connection to the server, which isn't exactly hard, all that the attacker has to do is to present any cert signed with the same subject and issuer and whatnot except the public key. How would the client know if all the restriction is to accept a self-signed cert? There's got to be some sort of pinning mechanism like OCSP must-staple or verification step the client has to do to authenticate the server or the entire org's kubernetes client will be DoS'ed. I don't even have to compromise anything. You are saying self-signed server cert is how it is typically done, I'm questioning whether that's how it's supposed to be done.

The kubernete's document says:

  For an identity provider to work with Kubernetes it must:

  1. Support OpenID connect discovery; not all do.
  2. Run in TLS with non-obsolete ciphers
  3. Have a CA signed certificate (even if the CA is not a commercial CA or is self signed)

I interpret it as saying you should perferrably use a real CA or a well-behaved internal intermediate CA. Anybody remotely familiar with how TLS works will probably tell you the same. If what you are saying is correct, it's a serious problem in our industry.

[y4mi]

Well yeah,it's essentially pinned... The client needs a cert signed by the master after all. If you exchange the master cert, the signed certificate is no longer valid

You only need a 'real' CA if your service is public facing.

Heck,even a Windows AD server uses self signed certs

/Edit: after re-reading your comments I get the feeling that were really talking about different things. The self signed certificate becomes the base for your chain of trust. Everything signed by this is allowed to talk to the master. This verification happens on both sides. A client getting an unexpected certificate will refuse to talk to the master just as the master won't talk with a node, unless it's got a signed client cert.

Because the master cert is self signed, it's easier to just throw everything away and recreate the hole chain of trust instead of bothering with revocations.

Finally, there is no benefit in using an official CA if you are in control of everything accessing the resources.

Am I making sense now?

[clhodapp]

In properly-set-up Kubernetes, no aspect of TLS is defeated. Instead, trusted CA certs (usually self-generated) are made freely available to everyone and then those are used to validate everything. If anyone is using self-signed certs and disabling TLS validation, then their implementation is probably insecure.

[philsnow]

s/probably/provably/, tbh

[clhodapp]

I was going to say "definitely" but then I had the idea that they could be using some kind of crazy encapsulating proxy on localhost and then still using secure transport to go across the real network... but yeah no... no one should be running k8s on real servers without (fully-validated) TLS.

[glennpratt]

Puppet uses client certs, clients request them on an initial run and an admin can approve them in an included CA. There is an API and a CLI interface.

I'm always surprised by the resistance to client certs and all the gleeful usage of pre shared keys I find. OWASP top ten bad ideas for as long as I've been writing software.