[danbruc]

You are not too far off, as a first approximation you can say unitary means deterministic. But you are wrong with the time evolution not being deterministic, time evolution in quantum mechanics is deterministic. What seems not to be deterministic in the general case are measurement outcomes, that is where we take the Born rule, square the probability amplitudes, and get the probabilities for the different measurement outcomes.

But here lies the incompatibility I am asking about, time evolution is unitary and is in a sense incompatible with the Born rule stating that different measurement outcomes are possible. You can not have unitary time evolution and different possible measurement outcomes starting from the same initial state, at least not in a really obvious way.