[tlb]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mismeasure_of_Man describes research that also had hard and fast criteria, yet thumbs somehow ended up on scales anyway. The criteria you quote are a little fuzzy around the edges. "Eager to establish human contact" might well be correlated with fox cuteness.

[gwern]

_The Mismeasure of Man_ is biased garbage written by someone with an axe to grind who attacked strawmen and may well have made up some of his findings of 'bias' and more importantly, has completely failed to predict subsequent decades of psychological, psychiatric, and genetics results: IQ is stronger and more vindicated than ever and a major driver of molecular genetics & neuroimaging research. Try again.