[AstralStorm]

Yes, but this is just total energy. Try kinetic energy instead. (Even Newton's Ek=0.5 * mv^2 much less Lorentz special relativity or general relativity.)

Now the model with kinetic energy plus rest energy. A network unaware of time will be unable to figure it out. Especially the differential in velocity.

What you need to actually devise such laws is generalizing conflict-driven clause learning with some good rule to pick models, name them and enumerate them. E.g. defining minimum generalizing set of logic clauses with support for undecidable and uncomputable functions. (Which means deciding when to give up.) This is essentially the inverse of a MAX-SAT solver. Minimax logic representation so to speak.