Trust me, you can. Elm was my gateway drug to Haskell. It's a great starting point, and the guide on the official Elm website offers everything you need to get started. Initially, I found Haskell overwhelming, but after spending a few months with Elm, which is a more narrow surface area, I found it much easier to sprinkle in Haskell specific concepts (typeclasses, applicative functors, monoids, etc).
That statement makes about as much sense as "I don't see how you can learn Haskell without knowing the basics of Elm". Arguably Elm is easier to learn from scratch since it is a younger language and does not have as much complexity baked into it as Haskell.