Business continuity: Providing a good SLA isn't in the AWS business model, which allows for widespread, lengthy outages. They have a so-so SLA and if they miss you get AWS credits, big whoop. They make their money on people who are insensitive to high cost, middling performance and reliability. Not sure about the other providers. At a certain point it's cheaper and easier to do it yourself than to support a hybrid cloud approach that can survive those events. Financial services businesses can afford the higher quality.
Sure, but is there some structural reason AWS can’t have an offering tailored to requirements like yours, or have they simply not bothered to start one yet?
Some of these they have "solved", but their solutions have not been tested or audited yet, or at least not in a way that's visible. There are a few big financial players going all-in now, and I think everyone else is watching and waiting and letting them take the risk. A lot of these regulations were written assuming on-premise control and there's a lot of fuzzy area and issues with interpretation. Sometimes there's a lot more than technology in play.
They are and they have, but they certainly haven't solved all of them for everybody and probably never will. But if you look at their offerings, there's a bunch of stuff there aimed at various specialized uses.