[navait]

What about Analytic philosophy? It's come up with new ways to discuss and illuminate what we are trying to understand, and starts in the late 1800's.

[jhbadger]

That's a fairly broad field though -- there are some analytic philosophers who were/are practically mathematicians, and who certainly helped advance logic and related fields. On the other hand you have analytical people who are working on the "big questions" like ethics where the same questions from ancient times get asked over and over.