[fl0wenol]

Your intuition is right, your EFI boot menu entries are pointing to the wrong path for GRUB (grubx64.efi).

Basically this problem is because Anaconda (the RedHat / CentOS installer) puts the files in [/boot]/efi/centos/... when you install into a UEFI-capable system, but efibootmgr, the tool that manipulates your laptop's NVRAM to tell the UEFI boot loader what to display/default boot, was being told they're in [/boot]/efi/boot/... That's the standard location on other Linux types (Ubuntu, Arch, etc.) and is being picked up as a default somewhere.

If you patch or upgrade the system subsequent to your initial installation, it can mess this part up (supposedly this was fixed in RH/CentOS 7.4)

You can make a one-time fix using efibootmgr from rescue mode from the installation DVD as pointed out in the linked mailing list post by others.

But my recommendation would be to blow away the existing partitions and try doing it from scratch using 7.5 if you haven't done anything with the system yet.

[eatandwonder]

Awesome! Thank you. I was hoping someone would recognize the problem. Yes, I have nothing invested in the current install (it hasn't even booted), so I was going to take the opportunity to switch to 7.5 anyway.