[beerbaron23]

Your ISP will physically link up to peering exchanges in the closest major city. There are public exchanges and private exchanges, for instance my ISP is Electronic Box and they are linked up to "QIX" (the Montreal public exchange) and also linked up to some private ones (which cost money). You can use peeringdb to see which exchanges your ISP is linked upto and see which servers it has direct access to and the bandwidth.

You can see I have direct access to Google, Twitch, OVH (biggest data server in north America) and others.

https://www.peeringdb.com/ix/355

[montasaurus]

Peering exchanges are great, and a more cost-effective way of reaching other participant networks vs paying for transit. Our local exchange is called SFMIX (https://sfmix.org/). They're a great and under-appreciated group working hard to improve connectivity.