Do not Doctors Surgeons disclose the potential errors and things that might go wrong in the US? I have had several ops in the last 18 months in the UK and they always go though what can go wrong and tell you the odds.
There's generally a consent process but the patient is often in no position to decline or comprehend what they're signing. In the case of heart surgery, or even a catheterization procedure, they may not be conscious to consent.
Well when I had my ops they always (in the UK) go through what can go wrong and the odds - my major one had a long list of possible outcomes the surgeon (cheerfully ) ended on 1/5000 chance of death.