Since when changing jobs is an indicator of anything? This is not the time to spend 40 years in one company. So many people jump from company to company to feel the thrill and challenges which they currently do not have it does not mean that they burn bridges behind themselves or are bad at what they do. It's like climbing... but differently.
Well, considering that one startup completely went out of business in 2011, let's say 4 by choice.
So 4 jobs since 2012. I was off by one. I make 45K more now than I made in 2012. Because salary compression is real, the easiest way to make substantially more is by job hopping.
I wasn't early in my career - but in 2008, I had stayed at a company too long and between measly raises and bonuses being cut, my salary was barely keeping up with cost of living.
I pivoted more to being a C# "Enterprise Developer", got a job paying a little more in 2008 as a junior C# developer. Learned a lot, that company folded at the end of 2011.
Next job was as a Mid level c#,web developer at major at the time Fortune 10 Company, learned how big companies worked and learned how large projects were managed.
Three years later, companies were offering 25K more for "senior developers" than I was making in 2012. With the combination of new skills and having a big company on my resume, it was fairly easy.
Two years later, I was applying for a job as an "architect" making another 13K more than I made in 2015.
Now startups are recruiting me, because I both have the experience and the technical knowledge as both a hands on coder and leading team.