[mratzloff]

Well, the real answer is years of on-the-job experience, but to give you a super-brief version:

It's a common pattern that new managers want to treat direct reports as a set of extra hands. That's fine for the purpose of getting code out the door when developers are junior, but it's irritating at mid to senior level, and it doesn't help anyone grow or think for themselves. Your job is to train them to do those things.

Ask questions. Wait for the answers. Then ask follow-up questions to help them identify problems with their solutions. Self-discovery is more powerful than being told the answer.

Think about their career growth. Ask them about what areas they want to grow in and then try to give them those things.

Fill in the gaps on the team. Let others fill the gaps where they can.