There's also the "Copenhagen left". Which is, pull over to the _right_ into the crosswalk of the intersection where you want to go left. Wait for the light to change. (Google it for a picture.)
In Australia, we call this a "hook turn" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hook_turn . Cars must do it in a limited number of intersections to avoid blocking trams. Cyclists are allowed to make a hook turn in any intersection (unless signposted otherwise). Edit - in Australia we drive on the left side of the road - so it's opposite to Denmark / US / Most the rest of the world.