[cbr]

It sounds like you're describing a Content Delivery Network (CDN). Many sites use CDNs in order to serve content from as close to the user as possible, often from within the ISP's network. This is unrelated to Net Neutrality, and has been common practice for years.

Using a CDN is one way to speed up your site, but there are lots of other important steps like reducing dependencies and compressing your resources.

(Source: I used to work on mod_pagespeed at Google, now I work on other things there.)

[walshemj]

Or even doing the basics like using Photoshop to optimise your images first!