[BorisVSchmid]

There are some studies that looked at the ectoparasites found during plague outbreaks, but just finding an ectoparasite with plague-infected blood in it doesn't tell you much yet on the importance of the transmission route.

Piarroux R, et al. (2013) Plague epidemics and lice, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Emerg Infect Dis 19:505–506.

Laudisoit A, et al. (2007) Plague and the human flea, Tanzania. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 687–693.

Ratovonjato J, Rajerison M, Rahelinirina S, Boyer S (2014) Yersinia pestis in Pulex irritans fleas during plague outbreak, Madagascar. Emerg Infect Dis 20:1414–1415.