[djsumdog]

Does an actor system need to be part of the language? In the Scala world, there's the akka library to provide actors (but of course you could use a totally different actor system instead). Alternatively in Elixir, actors (Processes) with their send/receive functionality is built into the language and each module can essentially be an actor.

I guess the trade off is that if it's a part of the language, you get it standard and built in as a language construct. But if it's in an external library, you can use different actor systems and benchmark them accordingly.

[abiox]

one benefit is that you can effectively embed the concept directly into the type system, allowing for ergonomic expression of actor model code. i'm not sure to what extent pony does this, though i believe it's capability typing was designed with actors in mind.