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by tantalor 3110 days ago
Article mentions the efficiency gap metric; here is another:

"Assessing significance in a Markov chain without mixing"

We present a new statistical test to detect that a presented state of a reversible Markov chain was not chosen from a stationary distribution... We illustrate the use of our test with a potential application to the rigorous detection of gerrymandering in Congressional districtings.

https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.02014