[apta]

To an outsider who may not have studied the religion, that is a valid issue to raise. However, ISIS more or less did not bring anything new, they share ideologies with the Khawarij group for instance. Add to that that we have strong narrations that foretold of groups of people who pray and fast in a manner that makes observers think their own prayers are inferior; they recite the Quran very well, but without comprehending its meanings, and take actions leading to bloodshed and other terrible things. In those narrations these people were described as the dogs of hellfire. From what I came across, scholars generally applied that description to the Khawarij group, but it does not mean that other groups with similar ideologies won't appear later on (we already see what's happening today).

Another clear narration can be found here: https://sunnah.com/urn/245570

I guarantee you that none of the leaders of outlaw groups like ISIS would be able to hold a proper debate to defend their points of view in front of a well-learned scholar, they would get instantly demolished. The issue is that you have a lot of uneducated and/or emotional people who fall for their propaganda and end up joining them unfortunately.

[bufferoverflow]

One mental gymnast of your choice is more convincing than another. To you. Big surprise.

If there was truly one well-learned scholar who demolished everyone else, religions wouldn't have these problems.

But all religious texts remain big books of multiple choice where any section can be declared literal or metaphoric or mean something totally different because "context", all on a whim of the "scholar".

[apta]

Where do you see the mental gymnasium in what I wrote? I think the source I cited was very clear.

I just gave an example about a well-learned scholar refuting ISIS's leadership in a way to show how well established Islam's position is about this topic, that any single person who is well versed in the matter can tear down their ideology. And yes, there is historic precedence with something similar happening with the Kharijites.

This might be of interest: http://www.lettertobaghdadi.com/

The Quran does acknowledge the fact that different parts of it may be allegorical: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhkam_and_Mutashabih_(tafsir)

At the same time, there are many parts which are clear, and which all well-learned scholars have agreed upon since the very beginning, which are not up for interpretation (e.g. what ISIS is doing today). Any well-learned scholar can tell you about the Kharijites and how they went astray, citing the Quran and the Hadith, as well as narrations from Companions about how they dealt with them. It is established Islamically that the behavior of the Companions as a whole is something we are ordered to follow, and those same companions dealt with an ISIS-like group that emerged during their time. This is not up for debate.

Other things which are not as grave as bloodshed and which have not been firmly established throughout the history of the Muslims can be up for debate, no problem. It happens all the time. And such topics do not touch the "core" of the religion, only "branches" if that makes any sense.

[sabertoothed]

This point remains: A rulebook that - if taken literally - leads to suffering is not a good rulebook.

[apta]

There was nothing in what I wrote about taking things literally in the Quran leading to bloodshed or suffering.