Java is compile to bytecode which is then interpreted by a virtual machine, it's not compiled to native code, that's why you cannot distribute Java programs as executable like go.
Is there a way to bundle the JVM (or the parts you need) with the Java app you'd like to run? Erlang (and Elixir) does this with the Erlang VM (BEAM), allowing you to bundle VM+app as a release. The Erlang release must be compiled for the platforms on which that release will be run. It's not quite as elegant as a Go binary, but it's still pretty handy.
Java has a specification and has lots of implementations.
The majority of commercial implementations of Java have native code compilers, and Oracle is in the process of improving the AOT compiler introduced in Java 9.