[tiernano]

Yup. Hsm pcie cards are around $5k, maybe more. The pizza box versions are upwards of 10k... that’s the last price I seen.

[convivialdingo]

Well, certainly the number of keys you can manage is the downside here.

This HSM has limited key storage capabilities to a hundred or so security objects.

The "pizza box vendors" stores hundreds to thousands of keys.

We typically employ key wrapping to reduce HSM key storage requirements, but only in certain situations.