[beojan]

> The notion is that, for example, the concept of prime numbers would be discovered everywhere in the universe just as an intelligence would discover that hydrogen is the simplest atom.

The concept of prime numbers is a lot more fundamental than hydrogen being the simplest atom. You could conceivably have a universe where every element is an elementary particle, but you couldn't have a universe where you can put two and two together and get five. Nor could you possibly have a universe where you can take five of something, and divide it into equal sized groups, unless each group has one item or you only have one group.