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by glifchits 3159 days ago
Hopefully someone can expand on these comments since I'm not an expert, but I know a little.

D-Wave [1] is shipping quantum computers with thousands of qubits. The difference seems to be that D-Wave qubits are not generalized qubits, but rather they are simply designed to solve problems using quantum annealing [1]. Annealing is just one algorithm which efficiently (but probabilistically) looks for the global minimum of a function, but it is prone to getting stuck in local minima. Quantum annealing exploits quantum phenomena to do this better and probably more efficiently [2].

On the other hand, we have "general" qubits: these can implement and carry out any arbitrary quantum computing algorithm (for example, Grover's search algorithm or Shor's factorization algorithm). It seems to me that researchers at Alphabet, Rigetti, Intel, IBM, etc. are trying to build these general qubits, since that's where we can finally unlock the full power of quantum computing. It's also much harder to build these general qubits, and that's why we only see 17 qubits announced here, or Google claiming to be working on 49 qubits [3].

[1] https://www.dwavesys.com/sites/default/files/D-Wave%202000Q%...

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_annealing

[3] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-07-17/google-s-...

2 comments

> Google claiming to be working on 49 qubits

I heard someone say that once we got to 50 qubits, we would be able to unlock the potential of quantum computers/actually solve problems that are nontrivial for traditional computers. If that's the case, why is google stopping just before that threshold?

Why the odd numbers? It seems like it would be simpler to run algorithms on something with 16 or 48 qubits.
The numbers come from quantum error correction and the goal to build a logical qubit (error protected qubit made of many actual qubits). In the surface code (planar version of a toric code), a single logical qubit protected with a code distance d = 3 corresponds to 17 physical qubits, and a distance d = 5 corresponds to 49 physical qubits.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toric_code

[2] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41534-016-0004-0

The number of physical qubits is 2d^2-1 in case anyone was wondering.