[crispinb]

Hardly that I would think. The anti-tribal direction of modern world history originated in the Enlightenment, which, although catalysed by contacts with Muslim, Indian and Chinese civilisations, was nothing if not profoundly 'Western'.

[vikiomega9]

How is "western/christian/european" different from "western"?

EDIT: the current framework of international order has roots in Westphalian notions of nation states, which is indeed christian and european.