[Klockan]

This surprises me since I wouldn't have guessed that 3 year olds know what "smart" means not to mention knowing that being smart is unrelated to effort. Could this effect actually be due to something else than growth vs innate mindset? My guess is that the teachers experience different emotions depending on word usage and that kids are affected by those emotions.

Previously I believed in these studies but this result makes me question the others as well since they could suffer from the same problem.