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We're doing exactly this at Sonadier (https://www.sonadier.com). We distill the app-making process down to a simple form builder, while giving technical users the ability to write client and server-side JavaScript for extra interactivity. We're doing a full design refresh in the next few weeks, and that update includes a visual workflow builder. We do have a pretty in-depth permission system already built in.

Further down, someone mentioned that a big problem with Access is the proliferation of "autonomous, undocumented systems" built by different teams. I think we shine here - since we're web-based you can host all your forms on one account. In addition, you can share specific create/read/update/destroy permissions with any other organization on the platform - we want to make data exchange painless.