Because normal Cache-Control is only aimed at reducing the amount of data transferred. With newer immutable Cache-Control[0], a CDN going down wouldn't have an effect if you have the resources cached.
The browser still has to make a request to the CDN to get back an HTTP 304. The goal is to avoid downloading a potentially large payload, not be resilient against connectivity issues.
[0]: https://hacks.mozilla.org/2017/01/using-immutable-caching-to...